INDUSTRIAL MINERALS
RAW MATERIALS RESOURCES
SURVEY OF DELTA STATE
NOVEMBER, 2001
MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY
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TITLE: Title: Originato
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INDUSTRIAL
MINERAL RAW MATERIAL RESOURCES’ SURVEY IN DELTA STATE INDUSTRIAL
MINERAL RAW MATERIAL RESOURCES’ SURVEY IN DELTA STATE DELTA
STATE GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY, ASABA MCIC-2001-1111 November
2001 02
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Copy Right:
This document is the property of the Delta State Government of Nigeria, and the copyright therein is vested in the Delta State Government of Nigeria. All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored, in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise) without prior written.
MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY
The Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Asaba, wishes to
acknowledge the opportunity granted by the Delta State Government to conduct
this “Industrial Mineral Raw Materials Resources Survey in Delta State”
recognizing the national regulatory requirements and standards.
We have enjoyed the cordial working relationships with the
Federal Ministry of Solid Minerals, the Raw Materials Research Development
Council and the various Local Government and Communities where the minerals are
located.
The contributions of Delta Geosciences Company Limited,
commissioned to execute this project are also acknowledged.
The efforts of the Project Work Team comprising
representatives of the Department of Industry, Ministry of Commerce &
Industry, Reprographic Services of DGC International, Community leaders and
contact persons are also recognized and commended.
MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY
PROJECT
REPORT CONTRIBUTORS
The following represents the contributors and their various
roles in the “Industrial Mineral Raw Material Resources’ Survey in Delta
State”.
Authors: Delta Geosciences Company Limited
CONSULTANTS
Puegeren,
J.V.E (MNIS, MNAPE) Project
Director/Team Leader
Dr. Luke
Anike Geochemist/Mineralogist
Afam
Osedabey Chief
Geologist
Okoro Ted Chief
Mechanical Engineer
Jireh Peter
Chief
Resistivity Surveyor
Owhojeta
Efe Mapping
Survey positioning
Dafe, T.A. Senior
Chemical Engineer
Arawore,
Ben Head,
Geophysical Study
Afam
Nwokobia Reprographics
Services
MINISTRY
OF COMMERCE, INDUSTRY AND CO-OPERATIVES TEAM
• Mr.J.Ebolo
• Mr. J.
Nwokolo
• Mr. Tony
Umemezia
LABORATORIES
USED
• PRODA,
ENUGU
• THERMOSTEEL, GEOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY.
Status Page
Acknowledgement
Project Report Contributors
Table of Content
List of Figures
List of Plates /Appendix
List of Tables
List of charts
Abbreviations and Acronyms
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Scope of
the Survey
1.2 Objectives
of the Survey
1.3 Facts
about Delta State
1.4 he Terms
of Reference (TOR)
1.5
The Federal Government Policy on Solid Minerals
2.1 Need for the Project
2.2
The Project Schedule
3.0 Method of Investigation
3.1 Consultation
3.2 The Consultant
4.0 Geology
4.1 Benin Formation
4.2 Ogwashi-Asaba Formation
5.1 Study Sites
5.2
Sample Strategy
5.3
Sampling Rational
5.4
Quality Assurance
5.4.1
Field Procedures
5.4.2
Laboratory Procedures
5.5
Study Programme
5.5.1
Silica ( Sand ) and Clay
5.5.2
Lignite
5.5.3
Kaolin
5.6
Geological and Geophysical Studies
5.6.1
Geological Study
5.6.2
Physical and Chemical Analysis
5.6.3
Geophysical Study
5.6.3.1
Field technique
5.6.3.2
VES Interpretation technique
5.7
Sample Preparation and Procedures
5.7.1
Selection
5.7.2
Cleaning and Reduction
5.7.3
Grinding and Digestion
5.7.4
Digestion
5.8
Analytical Procedures
5.8.1
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
5.8.2
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ( AAS ) .
5.8.3
Flame Photometry
5.8.4
EDTA Complexometry
5.8.5
Potassium Dichromate Titrimetry .
5.8.6
5.8.6 Gravimetric
Determination of Sulphur
5.8.7
Direct Combustion
6.1 Silica (Sand)
6.2 Chemical Composition
6.3 Physical Composition
6.4 Other
Tests (Vertical electrical soundings)
6.5 Discussion
6.6 Delineation
6.7 Clay
& Kaolin
6.8 Chemical
Composition
6.9 Physical
composition
6.9.1 Clay
Firing
6.10 Delineation
6.10.1 Ibusa
deposit.
6.10.2 Ubulu - Uku
deposit
6.10.3 Zanogogo
deposit
6.10.4 Ukwunzu deposit
6.10.5 Clay deposit .
6.11 Lignite
6.11.1 Delineation
7.1 Silica
Sand Deposit
7.2 Clay
and Kaolin
7.3 Lignite
8.0 Production
and processes of Selected Products of Solid Minerals
8.1 Glass (Silica Sand)
8.1.1 Flat glass manufacturing
8.1.2 Fibre glass manufacturing
8.2 Selected Clay and Kaolin Product
8.2.1 Pottery Products Manufacturing
9.1
Clay and Kaolin
9.2
Silica
9.3 National Uses of Solid
Minerals .
10.0 Equipment,
manufactures and Addresses
10.1 Silica process equipment
10.2 Clay and Kaolin process
equipment
10.3 Lignite process equipment
11.0 Conclusion
11.1 Silica (Sand)
11.2 Clay and Kaolin
11.3 Lignite
12.0 Recommendation and Summary
13.0 References
14.0 Appendices
Fig. 1: Map of Nigeria showing Delta State
Fig. 2: Activity Chart of project execution
schedule.
Fig. 3: Geological Basins of Nigeria
Fig. 4: Niger - Delta Geological Setting
Fig. 5: Resistivity (vertical electrical
sounding) of Eriemu field at 1.0 metre depth.
Fig. 6: Resistivity (Vertical electrical
sounding) Eriemu field at 3.0 metre depth.
Fig. 7: Resistivity (Vertical Electrical
sounding) Eriemu field at 10.0 metre depth
Fig. 8: Resistivity
(Vertical Electrical sounding) of Afiesere field at 1.0 metre depth
Fig. 9: Resistivity
(Vertical Electrical Sounding) of Afiesere field at 3.0 metre depth
Fig. 10: Resistivity
(Vertical Electrical sounding) of Afiesere field at 10.0 metre depth
Fig. 11: Cross
section of Kaolin clay deposit along Atakpo Ako River valley
Fig. 12: Cross sections of Kaolin deposit at
Ubulu - Uku
Fig. 13: Cross section of Kaolin deposit at
Ozanogogo
Fig. 14 : Cross
section of Kaolin deposit at Omi - Oke spring valley Ukwunzu
Fig. 15: Lithological sequence of lignite
deposit at Obonifa
Fig. 16: Cross section of Ogwashi - Asaba
lignite deposit
Fig. 17: Cross section of Ibussa lignite deposit
Fig. 18: Map showing Obomkpa lignite deposit.
Fig. 19: Stratigraphic Unit Profile of Lignite Deposits
Appendix 1 Surficial kaolin deposits at
Ozanogogo
Appendix 2 Surficial
kaolin deposits at Ibusa
Appendix 3 Geo-technical
properties of sub-surface ore deposits at Anieze Area
Appendix 4 Physical properties of soil in
Uzere Area
Appendix 5 Physical properties of soil in
Saghara Area
Appendix 6 Granulometric analysis of soil in
Eriemu Area
Appendix 7 Silica deposits from Satellite
imagery in River Niger Area
Appendix 8 Another
River Niger Sand deposits
Appendix 9 Solid
mineral deposits in Aniocha North
Appendix 10 Solid
mineral deposits in Aniocha South
Appendix 11 Solid
mineral deposits in Ika South
Appendix 12 Solid
mineral deposits in Oshimili South
Appendix 13 Solid
mineral deposits in Uvwie & Udu
Appendix 14 Solid
mineral deposits in Ughelli South
Appendix 15 Solid
mineral deposits in Isoko North & South
Appendix 16 Solid
mineral deposits in Ethiope East
Plate 1: Consultation with local stakeholders at
Ubulu-Uku
Plate 2: Abandoned caravan used as administrative
offices during active years of exploration and exploitation at Ubulu-Uku in the
1960's and 1970's
Plate 3: Lobes
of Kaolin deposit at Ubulu-Uku
Plate 4: At the
foreground, a Plateau of Kaolin deposit in Ubulu-Uku
Plate 5: Beddings
of strata of Kaolin deposit at Ubulu-Uku
Plate 6: 60
Underneath pockets of Kaolin exposition at Ozanogogo
Plate 7: Exploitation
of Pockets of Kaolin deposits at Ozanogogo
Plate 8: Deep
pit mining of Kaolin deposit at Ozanogogo
Plate 9: Surficial
deposits of Kaolin at Ukwunzu
Plate10: Localized
excavation of Kaolin at Ukwunzu
Table 1 Distribution of Mineral resources in
Delta State
Table 2: Community Consultation
Table 3: Professional work achievement by
personnel of Delta Geosciences Company Limited
Table 4: Composite sample distribution
Table 5: Colours of aliquot and wavelength of
spectrophotometric analysis
Table 6: Location
of studied boreholes
Table 7: Chemical analysis of silica sand
Table 8: Physical
(siere size) analysis of silica (sand)
Table 9: Geotechemical
analysis of selected borehole site
Table 10: Chemical
analysis of kaolin and clay
Table 11: Typical
composition of kaolin and clay for various industrial application
Table 12: Clay
mineralogy of selected samples in Delta State
Table 13: Geotechnical
properties of selected clay samples in Delta State
Table 14: Physical
properties of fired clays in Delta State
Table 15: Chemical
analysis of lignite samples
Table 16: Lignite
deposits reserves in Nigeria
Table 17: Summary
of estimated reserves of industrial raw materials in Delta State
Table 18: Over
burden - urgent ratio of Ogwashi - Asaba Area
Table 19: Roof
rock materials
Table 20: Equipment,
uses and manufacturers addresses for silica sand
Table 21: For
Kaolin and clay
Table 22: For
lignite
1.
Chemical analysis
for silica deposits in Delta State
2.
Loss on ignition chemical
analysis of silica sand
3.
Variation of silica
dioxide in silica sand deposits
4.
Variation in
phosphorus content
5.
Variation in calcium
oxides
6.
Variation in ferrous
oxides
7.
Composite status of
kaolin in Delta State
8.
Chemical analysis of
kaolin in Delta State
9.
Chemical analysis of
lignite sample in Delta State
10.
Ultimate analysis of
lignite samples in Delta State
NCC - Nigerian
Coal Corporation
AAS - Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers
LOI - Loss on Ignition
C% - Percentage of carbon content
H% - Percentage
of hydrogen content
N% - Percentage
of nitrogen content
S% - Percentage
of sulphur content
0% - Percentage
of oxygen content
H20 - Water
content
P205 - Phosphorus
oxides
MnO - Manganese
oxides
FeO - Ferrous
oxides
K2O - Potassium
oxides
Na2O - Sodium
oxides
CaO - Calcium
oxides
MgO - Magnesium
oxides
TiO2 - Titanium oxides
Fe2CO3 - Ferric
oxides
A1203 - Aluminium
oxides
SiCO2 - Silica
oxides